Interaction Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interaction Project - Essay ExampleIt would be vital for us to down the stairsstand first the laws regarding marijuana use in Colorado before reviewing Congressman Polis views. The Colorado state allows adults aged 21 years and above to possess only 28 grams of Marijuana or THC. This applies to two residents and non-residents. Also, non-residents would not be able to purchase more than 7 grams in a single transaction. The operating hours of marijuana stores according to the state is from 8am to midnight, however, cities have the superpower to set their own hours but within those allowed by the state. One is not allowed to consume marijuana openly and publicly. Its also an offence to drive under influence of marijuana, transporting and exporting marijuana, and to possess marijuana in federal land. Adults can only grow 6 marijuana plants C.That said, I was privileged to schedule a meeting with the Congressman Polis to discuss more on the matter. As per the policies I conversed with the congressman through e-mail at first, where he agreed for a present to face interview at the Fort Collins Office A.Polis would like Marijuana to be removed from the Controlled Substance Act and make it to be adjust the way Alcohol is regulated. Polis bold move to legalize marijuana is inspired by the following major factors. First, marijuana is known for its medicinal value. However, on this matterfurther scientific research needs to be done to examine its long-term effects.Polis also argues that, there is substantial evidenceproving that by regulating marijuana just like alcoholic drink would keep away marijuana from our children. Also, this means cartels and criminals would be out of business, hence growing the states economy through the various taxation levies. agree to Polis the existing prohibition policies have failed to address the needs of citizens and regulation of marijuana like alcohol is the way

Is investment in green or environmentally friendly activities of Essay

Is investment in green or environmentally friendly activities of benefit to a beautiful business - Essay ExampleAnd, a sufficient number of scholars necessitate that managers to consider the natural environment more as a subjective or a strategic problem than as an ethical or normative one (Aragon-Correa et al., 2004 Banerjee, 2001 Cordano and Frieze, 2000 Sharma, 2000). Consequently, they support a strategic mindset and approach to promote miscellany from within the organization (Clemens, 2001). For SMEs, it is in their organizational interests to pursue such environmental policies that make them a responsible part of the environmentally responsible organizations more importantly, the SMEs do not exist always to be identified with this term, they need growth and economic prosperity on a very strong footing their holy future growth is largely associated with their current outlook seen and observed by the stakeholders they need to invest in environmentally friendly activities. Howe ver, it is and will not be an easy task for SMEs as they face many problems such as limited financial resources, under-developed organisational structure, raw management style and so on are those factors that do not help SMEs to introduce a positive outlook denoting them as an environmentally friendly entity. In the subsequent parts of this paper, first, it is argued for the topic and followed by argued against the topic subsequent to that a conclusion is provided.Every organization always wants to grow particularly SMEs. And, nowadays, growth requires more social and environmental investment as a way to promote their name as an environmentally friendly entity. Most of the larger organizations have been enjoying growth in their net profit figures by providing the annual Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports along with their annual reports. In these reports, they account for such economic, social and environmental investment either that have been

The Central Nervous System from Superficial to Deep Essay Example for Free

The Central Nervous System from Superficial to Deep EssayPurposeThe purpose of this research laboratory is to understand the way that nervous system organizes be arranged inside of the brain from the most superior, which would be the cortex or telencephalon to the most inferior, which would be the electric-light bulb oblongata. We ar observing all the structures in the brain, as well as the protective tissue that surrounds it.ProcedureI had to use Primal Pictures, as it was requisite to complete this lab. Once logged in, there is a list of choices to click on as to where you want to go. On the homepage, click on the 3D Head and neck opening and then go to the Brain folder. Next click on Meninges to access the pictures. Begin at bed 9. To identify the structures, just click on them. With Primal Pictures, there are different controls on the page that allow us to be able to view the brain, or any structure that we are looking at from different angles and different forms. Th ere is in addition a summary of the structure that is being looked at. Using the guide that Dr. Poll has provided and Primal Pictures, we are to go through the different structures and gather all the information necessary to complete this lab.ResultsFollowing the guidelines on our instruction sheet, we were to begin at Layer 9 of the brain, which showed us the meninges. From here, we could see the structures that protect the brain. Brain protection begins with the skull it is the outermost layer. The three layers of meningeal linings are inferior to the skull. These take the dura matte, which is the outermost layer. It is also the toughest layer and in English is translated to hard mother. The dura mater has two layers. Inferior to the dura mater is the arachnoid mater. The most inferior layer of the meninges is the pia mater. It is also the deepest and softest layer. Next we looked at the sinuses that are part of the nervous system in Layer 5. A sinus is a cavity within a bone o r other tissue. They are channels, or pathways that bond together allowing drainage of the veins that are in the brain. In other words, they function to help the accretion and return flow of venous blood andcerebrospinal fluid drainage from the tissues and veins in the cerebrum. In Layer 4, we send packing see the falx cerebri. It is an infolding of the dura mater and separates the cerebral hemispheres. Now moving to Layer 10 in the brain folder, we can observe the cerebral cortex and all the structures inferior to it.The outer rally of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex. It is composed of gray matter and just inferior to it is the white mater. We also can see the corpus callosum, which is a large bundle of axons that connect the right cerebral hemisphere to the left cerebral hemisphere. These axons carry information, in the form of nerve impulses, from one hemisphere to the other. The lateral ventricles are superior to the diencephalon, entirely are inferior to the corpus cal losum. In Layer 3, we can see the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia form a set of interconnected nuclei in the forebrain. They notice a large amount of input from cerebral cortex and after processing it, send it back to the cerebral cortex via thalamus. The different components of the basal ganglia are the caudate nucleus, the putamen and the globus pallidus. The caudate nucleus is the most superior part. It is superior and lateral when compared to the thalamus. The most lateral part of the basal ganglia is the putamen and the most medial part is the globus pallidus. The limbic system is a complex set of brain structures that lie on both sides of the thalamus. It includes structures from the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon.It includes the olfactory bulbs, hippocampus, and amygdala to name a few. This system supports many functions that include emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction. It is responsible for emotional life and has do with the forma tion of memories. The limbic system surrounds that structures that make up the diencephalon and is posterior to the temporal lobe. From the cerebrum view in Layer 5, we can locate the insula, or hidden lobe. It is posterior to the lateral sulcus. In other words, it is hidden beneath the lateral sulcus. In Layer 3, we can see the sulci and gyri. The longitudinal fissure is what separates the left and right hemispheres. The central sulcus separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe. It lies in between the precentral gyri (forms the motor strip) and postcentral (forms the primary sensory cortex) gyri. The lateral sulcus, also called the Sylvian fissure, is the most lateral boundary. It separates both the frontal lobe and parietal lobe, which are above, from the temporal lobe, which is below.ConclusionIn conclusion, we dissected the brain from the most superficial layer to the deepest layer and from the most superior layer to the most inferior layer. We were able to do so by using Primal Pictures. Being able to look at each structure from every angle and different layers is very beneficial when first learning about them. This site gives very detailed representations of the structures and explanations of how each structure works, not only on its own, but as a whole. All the structures in the central nervous system that we observed are in close to way related and allow for communication to take place, as well as allowing the central nervous system to function as it is supposed to.

Existentialism and Rebt Essay Example for Free

Existentialism and Rebt EssayDuring a lifetime, most individuals question the meaning of their existence at matchless signify or another(prenominal). Existential therapy aims to serve well individuals amaze purpose, beget better defined purposes, and live life to the fullest. Existential therapy final payments into account cultural, social and political determine of the guest. It attempts to help the knob live to a greater extent deliberately, while consenting lifes unpredictable challenges and contradictions. Rational emotional Behavior Therapy (REBT) is complementary to existential therapy by providing proficiencys to help clients withstand falsifys once their informedness is increased done existential discerny. Existential therapy and REBT integrated approach to counseling sack up provide successful results by combining individual meaning with causal agencyable idea. This empowers clients to take control of their lives. The first step in the therapy process is to help the client be cope aware of what changes convey to be made in order to live a more fulfilling and satisfying life. This is maked by examining angiotensin-converting enzyme or more existential themes. In his apply Existential Psychotherapy, Irwin Yalom describes four major(ip) themes that permeate existential psychotherapy death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness.In the first theme, death, here are two major compositions that play key factors in therapy (Yalom, 1980). First of all, death and life coexist. Even though physically they are clearly separated, psychologically they exist simultaneously. Death is a earthy part of the cycle of life, and as angiotensin-converting enzyme dies, another is given an opportunity to experience life (Kaufmann, 1975). Death is a realistic curse and a part of our daily lives. every day we are alive, we are closer to death. Frankl (2006) believes that if thither is a meaning in life at all, then on that point mustiness be a meaning in suffering.Suffering is an ineradicable part of life, even as fate and death. Without suffering and death human life cannot be complete (p. 67). secret code in this world lasts forever. It is but natural for humans to see death as a part of life that is unavoidable. The awareness of death has a substantial impact on life and Although the physicality of death destroys man, the idea of death saves him (Yalom, 1980, p. 30). Awareness of death allows individuals to live life more fully, trueally, and appreciate how truly treasured life is.Authenticity is one of the main creations of existentialism and is defined as being genuine, true to ones olfactory perceptionings and beliefs, aware of ego and surroundings, and top executive to successfully deal with issues related to existence (Sharf, 2008). People come to appreciate life more, exist mindfully and purposefully. Nietzsche wrote He that consummates his life dies his death victoriously (Kaufmann, 1975, p. 129). Thos e who live a complete and happy life are less likely to be afraid of death because they piss experienced life to the fullest.A potential threat of life be taken away makes it more likely for flock to appreciate and enjoy life. Without suffering how does one know pleasure? For example, someone with crab louse who previously has taken life for granted may have a greater appreciation for life after beating the illness. In such cases, people feel the urgency to take pleasure in lifes every unique moment and relish the simple joys while they still can. very(prenominal) often people do not value things until they are taken away or are threatened to be taken away.The second idea is that death anxiousness constantly affects the way people experience their life. In addition, most anxiety comes from issues related to death and decreasing anxiety is one the major goals of psychotherapy. Anxiety can stem from many issues, such as control or fear. Fear of death is one of the significant mo tivators in our society. We constantly come up with new ways to avoid death by building safer vehicles, wearing protective gear, inventing new medical treatments and procedures.Self preservation is a natural instinct and anxiety related to the end of our life is an unavoidable reality. There are many reasons why individuals are afraid of death inability to take care of dependents, pain and sadness that loved ones will feel, or fear of the afterlife. But one of the most common reasons is the fear of nothingness and loss of self (Yalom, 1980). Death anxiety can manifest itself in many different ways (Yalom, 1980). Ones feeling of missing exciting events or the rely to control the surrounding world, demonstrate this manifestation.These unwellnessy thoughts help individuals ease fear of death by dealing not with the real and terrifying source of anxiety, hardly indirectly, through and through more socially approveable actions. Many people protect themselves from death anxiety by deny ing it. Yalom (1980) discussed two ways that accomplish this goal the eventual(prenominal) rescuer and mortalal distinguishing characteristic. Both ideas lead people to feel that they will not be modify by misfortune like others might be. The last-ditch rescuer is a type of defense mechanism jumper cable people to believe that someone will come into their life and save them from their problems.An example of this would be a person with severe financial problems needing cash to take care of health problems believing that someone or something will bring the needed money and the situation will invent itself out. Personal specialness involves the belief that one is in a way different from others and therefore immune from the hardships of life. Personal specialness can be seen all around us a healthy woman thinking cancer will never happen to her, couples believing there is no way they can have an autistic child, or a teenager driving recklessly believing that there is no way he will get in an accident and die.The awareness of finiteness enables people to appreciate the surrounding world at a much deeper level and scrape what it is they are meant to wreak to the world. The second theme of existential psychotherapy is freedom. Freedom and responsibility go hand in hand. Individuals who are responsible are cognizant of the fact that the world is not working against them. They come to realize that their experiences are the outcomes of their sustain decisions. Some people may feel that their environment, their unconscious mind, or patrimonial make up is working against them.Existential theory takes into consideration that these sometimes uncontrollable factors have an effect on events, but do not all in all determine them. Frankl (2006) wrote regarding his experiences in a concentration camp Every day, every hour, offered the opportunity to make a decision, a decision which determined whether you would or would not submit to those powers which threatened t o rob you of your very self, your midland freedom which determined whether or not you would survive the plaything of circumstances, renouncing freedom and dignity to become form into the form of the typical inmate (p.66). In extreme situations as this, freedom represents psychological detachment from a difficult situation. In this case, a person has inner freedom to film how he feels and what he thinks. His physical freedom and material possessions can be taken away, but his thoughts, feelings, his self, cannot. People have the freedom to make any decision they choose, are responsible for these decisions and have to be able to face the outcomes.Yalom (1980) wrote that To be aware of responsibility is to be aware of creating ones stimulate self, destiny, life predicament, feelings, and if such be the case, ones own suffering (p. 218). Having the freedom to control ones own destiny and own the insight that you and only you construct your own life design can be a heavy burden to bear, but once individuals become aware of their power and accept the challenge, they can make significant improvements and live more authentically (Yalom, 1989, p. 38). Simple awareness may not be enough for change to take place.One must be willing and committed to address the negative aspects of life and become responsible for adopting new behaviors. People must accept responsibility for their lives and decisions they have made otherwise, growth and positive change cannot take place. The third theme of existential therapy is isolation. Yalom (1980) discusses three types of isolation inter individualizedized, intrapersonal, and existential. Interpersonal isolation involves separation of self from others. Many factors can contribute to such isolation, such as personality, culture, or physical location.In this case the person does not have a social support network, is not involved in healthy relationships and may feel cut off from other people. Intrapersonal isolation takes place wh en a person represses reliable events, separates part/parts of the psyche or no longer has pronounced personal opinions and beliefs. Yalom (1980) sums up intrapersonal isolation by saying that it results whenever one stifles ones own feelings or desires, accepts oughts or shoulds as ones own wishes, distrusts ones own judgment, or buries ones own potential.Lastly, existential isolation refers to the feeling of being alone in the world. Regardless of how many friends or family members one has and how closely they are involved together, the person is still isolated and has distinctive experiences of the surrounding world. This may be considered a pessimistic view of life, but it is hard to deny that each person is one of a kind, whose true feeling and experience only they can know. Isolation can be seen as a representation of individuals uniqueness. Even though isolation is a part of life, intimate relationships are vital to a fulfilling life.Frankl (2006) wrote love is the ultimate and the highest goal to which man can aspireThe salvation of man is through love and in love. I understood how a man who has nothing left in this world still may stupefy blissin the contemplation of his beloved (p. 37). Genuine and loving relationships, where both individuals are actively involved, provide means to deal with existential isolation and help people find a sense of self. The final theme of existential therapy is meaninglessness. Many people struggle with the idea of what the meaning of their life is.People need a reason to wake up every day, go to work, do their chores, and repeat the cycle over and over again. Lack of goals, hope and purpose, can lead to stress, depression, and even suicide. It is a natural human desire to search for order, patterns, and explanations in the world. This need for organization raises the ultimate question of why and for what one lives. The quest for the meaning of life is divided into two groups of thought man compels meaning and man i s in search of meaning. The first idea is non spiritual and is based on the fact that there is no prearranged meaning and people create their own reason to live.The second way of thought regarding meaning of life is spiritual. It states that meaning is predetermined by a high power and is something that a person needs to find. Frankl (2006) wrote Everyone has his own specific vocation or mission in life to carry out a cover assignment which demands fulfillment. Therein he cannot be replaced, nor can his life be repeated. Thus, everyones task is as unique as his specific opportunity to employ it (p. 109). Regardless of the origin of meaning, it helps people truly live and keep going.As discussed earlier, the themes of death, freedom, isolation and meaninglessness are utilize to build self-awareness in clients. Following the point when the client is committed to modify behavior, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) concepts and techniques are incorporated to make lasting chang es in the clients life. REBT healers goal is to help clients to give up their demands for perfection and to try to gear up constructive self-acceptance as well as acceptance of others (Walen, DiGiuseppe, Dryden, 1992, p. 14) by overcoming their mistaken beliefs.Irrational beliefs are unreasonable, do not represent actual events, commonly involve black and white thinking, lead to anxiety and prevent people from achieving their goals (Walen et al. ,1992). Within an existential theme of death, a client who has severe death anxiety and constantly avoids participating in various activities in order to avoid potential dangers, would first be head to examine the reasons for death anxiety, and the irrational belief of death threat would be challenged by the healer. There are six principles of REBT (Walen et al. , 1992).The core idea of the theory is that we feel what we think (Walen et al., 1992, p. 15). External factors do not cause people to feel a certain way, but rather peoples i nternal perceptions and interpretations contribute to the soul-destroying emotional and behavioral reactions.The next principle is that irrational thinking causes the majority of emotional distress. Irrational thought patterns such as musts, shoulds and exaggerations can create extreme anxiety in individuals and make them feel out of control. The third principle states that by changing thinking patterns, the person can overcome anxiety causing feelings. Another principle discusses various factors that affect ways of thinking.According to Sharf (2008), Albert Ellis took into account biological and social factors that affect human development and susceptibility to develop irrational beliefs. Ellis believed that people have inborn drives to think irrationally and react to the environment in certain way. People are also strongly affected by their interpersonal relationships. Ellis found that if others perceive the person as worthy, the person is more likely to perceive himself as worth y, too. Our society as a altogether contributes to this way of thinking by telling us that we must and have to do things a certain way.For example, parents telling kids to eat everything on their plate. This promotes the belief in children that if they do not finish a meal, they have failed. In adulthood, this can lead to obesity and other health problems, as well as irrational patterns of thought related to food. The fifth principle encourages clients to focus on the present. People may become stuck in the former(prenominal) and previously used thinking and heading patterns. By doing so, they are not able to leave behind unwholesome habits and move towards healthier ways of dealing with issues.Finally, REBT has an optimistic view and promotes that people can change. With hard work and determination, irrational and self-defeating thoughts can be reduced and lead to a more satisfying life. REBT uses a three part exercise to help clients overcome their issues A as activating even t or adversities, B as belief and C as consequences. A is the perceived fateful event in the persons life which spurs self-defeating reactions. B primarily includes believing, thinking, and also emoting and behaving in relation to A.C is characterized as the destructive consequences of B. According to Ellis (2002), many clients find it difficult to understand the ABC model as they wrongfully believe that A directly causes C. It is definitive for clients to understand that their beliefs contribute significantly to the emotionally destructive consequences. It is important for individuals to focus on the adverse event and experience the entire range of emotions that occur as a result. Clients are encouraged to focus on specific thoughts that caused negative emotions, such as perceived musts and shoulds.Then, they are instructed to replace damaging thoughts with healthier ones and work to pinpoint which thoughts contribute to positive versus negative emotions. This technique allows th e client to better control their thoughts, leading to more functional emotions and behaviors. It is important to help clients understand that thinking, emoting and behaving ofttimes happens simultaneously rather than individually. If a client is upset with a loved one, he might be feeling hurt, thinking that he is being ignored, and behaving angrily by raising his voice all at the same time (Ellis, 2002).Clients are encouraged to honestly and openly experience feelings, accept their existence and how they see clients lives (Ellis, 1997). Sharf (2008) discusses Ellis belief in the importance of concentrating on the long-term goals, which he calls responsible hedonism. REBT believes that enjoyment is a significant part of life, but that many individuals focus on short-term pleasure, such as substance abuse, rather than concentrating on the long-term enjoyment of living a healthy life. Humanism is another core concept of REBT. Each person is viewed as a whole and goal-oriented being.C lients are encouraged to have Unconditional Self Acceptance, which includes assets and flaws. They are taught to value themselves because they are alive, regardless of the mistakes they have made, their socioeconomic status, intellectual abilities or the type of feelings they experience. Existentialism and REBT concepts have several common characteristics, which can make the use of these two therapies together more effectual than individual use. This integrated approach provides an existential framework that balances the appeal to reason with the unique human tendency to discover individual meaning (Hutchinson Chapman, 2005, p.146). According to Ellis (2002), there are seven main ways in which existential therapy and REBT practices are similar and therefore complement each other in achieving change in clients. First of all, both theories accept the fact that anxiety is a normal part of life. Moderate existential anxiety is what keeps people alive. The problem occurs when humans be come overly concerned with certain life events and become neurotic. Second, existential theory believes that people are able to rise above potential and existing unlucky situations.REBT also believes that people can choose to think about difficult events in such ways that do not cause distress. The third comparison is that both theories take hold that it is vital to directly and firmly showclients the error in their ways (Ellis, 2002, p. 253). Clients need to be taught skills in order to make changes to destructive thoughts and behaviors. Clients are free to change, but might be unable to do so without concrete techniques. Another similarity is that both theories incorporate the idea that individuals have the freedom and power to be in control of their destiny.Ellis (1997) wrote choiceis one of the main advantages of being human you can choose, usually, to think one thing or another (p. 38). People have the ability to decide and control how they think, and consequently how they f eel or behave in various, sometimes extremely difficult situations. They can choose to feel depressed, helpless and hopeless or take charge of a situation and focus on what they can control. The goal of purposeful living lend to a more meaningful and fulfilling life can be seen in existential therapy and REBT. A meaningful life helps individuals become more self-actualized and increase personal awareness.With increased awareness and meaning, people can better control self-defeating thoughts and overcome existential conflicts. The next idea that existential therapy and REBT share is that there is no absolute truth. Each persons experiences are subjective and unique occurrences. Every individual knows what is true for him only and it is difficult for people to come to an transcription regarding what is true (Kaufmann, 1975). Additionally, both theories focus on the present. It is important to work on problematic behaviors that are happening today. Past and future affect the person, b ut do not determine the reality.REBT techniques of staying calm and rational can help clients work logically on the issues of meaninglessness, isolation a nd death. The final similarity relates to the therapist client relationship. Existential and REBT therapists aim to be fully present with the client. They strive to empathize, relate and experience the world through the clients eyeball. Psychological health is subjective and depends on the persons life style, culture and many other factors. However, there are a go of characteristics that can be used to define psychological health.In regard to existential theory, Sharf (2008) considers that to be truly human, individuals must be aware of their own being-in-the-world, which involves realization of ones personal value, destiny, and responsibility (p. 151). Considering existential theory and REBT, a psychologically healthy person lives rationally, authentically, purposefully and accepts the uncontrollable life events. Authenticity i s one of the main characteristics of a psychologically healthy person. Authenticity includes meaningful existence which allows individuals to feel alive, genuine, aware and fully present in the moment.Healthy individuals are honest with themselves and are able to accept their freedom to make positive choices, accept the outcomes of their decisions, and successfully cope with unanswered questions of their existence. Genuine and meaningful relationships with others are a significant part of the persons life and one is able to maintain a healthy relationship without losing a sense of self. Avoidance of feelings that one has to or must do certain things is also vital. Psychologically healthy individuals do not overreact, overgeneralize and otherwise examine situations logically and rationally.These individuals are tolerant of difficult or undesirable situations, register low frustration levels, focus on long-term goals, live purposeful and meaningful lives. The increased state of psych ological health can take a long time and requires commitment and patience from the therapist and the client. According to Yalom (1989), the first step to increased psychological health is assumption of responsibility. In order for the client to change behavior patters, he must first accept that his current position is due to his own actions.For the client to change, therapist and client must find specific issues and tensions that play into the clients life. A significant part of the therapeutic process is to facilitate the client to accept the contradictions and challenges of human existence. Therapist assists the client to set goals and find purpose in life, while accepting and rationally dealing with the obstacles that the client might have to face in the process. The main goal is to empower the client to realize his full potential, accept personal freedom, and be more aware of thinking, emoting, and behaving patterns.Clients increase personal awareness and start living authentica lly, with an ability to communicate effectively with others and understand the true self. In addition, clients explore what is important to them and how they can achieve what they want in life. In the process of working through lifes everyday challenges and experiences, clients explore deeper issues having to do with humanity in general, such as death, isolation, and meaning. Clients learn to better control self-defeating emotions, thoughts and behaviors.They start thinking more lucidly and rationally, which gives them the ability to experience life to the fullest. There are a number of methods and techniques to help clients improve psychological health, authenticity, and life satisfaction. Existential therapy and REBT agree that each person has a unique perception of reality. In existential therapy, an important strategy is to accept the world through the clients eyes and allow the client to guide the course of therapy. at once the path of questioning is determined, the therapist uses Socratic dialog to help the client come to his own conclusions and decisions.This technique is a component of both existential therapy and REBT. It involves questions that help the client come to an understanding of a problem or situation or make a decision. Socratic dialog is used to prompt the discovery of life purpose and meaning at a spiritual levelas well as challenge the inflexible shoulds and musts, absolutistic demands, self-downing, and catastrophic beliefs (Hutchinson Chapman, 2005, p. 151). Such ways of questioning also contribute to a buy-in from the client and improves self-discovery information retention (Walen et al. , 1992).Existential therapy and REBT take into consideration the past and future, but therapeutic change takes place in the present. By focusing on the present, the client is helped to continually self-actualize, experience his personal existence, and work through the issues preventing authentic existence. The main goal of REBT is to dispute the cl ients irrational beliefs. The ABC model discussed earlier is the tool used to change the clients nonadaptive thinking, but in the actual therapeutic process two more elements are added D as Disputation and E as new effect.Once the activating event is clearly outlined, the therapist points out to the client his irrational beliefs which led to the undesirable consequence. Disputing involves detecting, discriminating and debating irrational beliefs. The therapist outlines and questions the clients irrational beliefs, helping the client understand the destructive thinking patterns. Now the client is ready to adopt a more functional way of thinking, by renewal irrational beliefs with appropriate thoughts, therefore reducing unpleasant feelings about self and others and start living a more fulfilling life.Existential discussions can help clients discover personal freedom to change their state of existence and find more pleasure in life. Such self-awareness can make the disputing process easier by providing the client with the power and freedom to overcome self-defeating thoughts (Hutchinson Chapman, 1992). A genuine therapeutic relationship is a vital factor in existential therapy. The therapist strives to be authentically caring and validate the clients feelings, thoughts and experiences. The client must feel comfortable expressing himself and allowing the therapist into his innermost thoughts and feelings.In order for this to happen, the therapist must communicate to the client that the client and his feeling and thoughts are fully accepted. A strong relationship also makes the client more likely to follow the therapists advice and trust the REBT disputing process. Although existential therapy and REBT are complementary in many ways, the integration has a number of limitations. The process counts on the client to be passably insightful and self aware. Someone, whose intellectual abilities are not as strong, may not benefit as much from therapy.Past experiences of the client are taken into consideration, but are not actively explored. This may limit the insight achieved by the therapist and client, therefore slowing down improvement. Additionally, this integrated approach is more targeted towards individual therapy, so family systems techniques would need to be incorporated in order to accommodate families and couples. Existential therapy and REBT have many common objectives and share a number of underlying concepts. Although this integrated approach to counseling is somewhat directive, the clients concerns and personal goals are in the center of the therapeutic process.Therapy is based on leading the client to self-discovery, authentic and rational existence. By combining themes and techniques of existential theory and REBT, clients gain the benefit of examining multifaceted existential themes with the addition of empirically supported REBT techniques. My involvement in the integration of existential therapy and REBT originally came from personal beliefs and experiences. Congruent with existential theory, I have often questioned the purpose of my life and whether human beings are matching or isolated.I relate to the spiritually oriented existentialism and have always believed that every person has a certain calling the difficulty only lies in finding what it is. Consistent with the ideas of REBT, I many times find myself and people around me overreacting, overgeneralizing, and otherwise making inappropriate statements and having irrational thoughts. By befitting more aware of my own existence, thoughts, beliefs and actions, I will be able to help my clients come to similar understandings and lead more fulfilling, purposeful, and authentic lives.My philosophical inclination, my strive to understand other peoples points of view and my focus on the present will provide a healthy and successful environment for clients to achieve their therapeutic goals. References Ellis, A. , Harper, R. (1997). A Guide to Rational Li ving. Chatsworth Melvin Powers Wilshire Book attach to. Ellis, A. (2002). Overcoming Resistance A Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Integrated Apporach. spic-and-span York Springer Publishing Company Inc. Frankl, V. (2006). Mans Search For Meaning. Boston Beacon Press. Hutchinson, G. T. Chapman, B. P.Logotherapy-Enhanced REBT An Integration of Discovery and Reason. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, Vol. 35, No. 2, 145-155 Kierkegaard Dread and Freedom. In Kaufmann, Walter (Eds) (1975). Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sarte (pp83-120). New York The New American depository library Inc. Kierkegaard Authority. In Kaufmann, Walter (Eds) (1975). Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sarte (pp83-120). New York The New American Library Inc. Kierkegaard Truth is Subjectivity. In Kaufmann, Walter (Eds) (1975). Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sarte (pp83-120). New York The New American Library Inc.Nietzsche The Portable Neitzche. In Kaufmann, Walter (Eds) (1975). Existentialism from Do stoevsky to Sarte (pp121-133). New York The New American Library Inc. Sharf, R. S. (2008). Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling Concepts and Cases. Belmont University of Delaware, Thomson Brooks/Cole. Walen, S. , DiGiuseppe, R. , Dryden, W. (1992). A Practitioners Guide to Rational- Emotive Therapy. New York Oxford University Press. Yalom, I. (1980). Existential Psychotherapy. New York Basic Books. Yalom, I. (1989). Loves Executioner Other Tails of Psychotherapy. New York Basic Books.

Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Essay Example for Free

Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Essay* Relate hold dear systems and critical judgeing to your sexual decision making before and after this course. * Describe the effect of environment and historical perspectives on your sexuality. * Discuss the development of your sexuality identity.* Analyze the effect of attraction and love in your relationships. * Discuss another topic of this course that is interesting and useful to you. Relate this topic to your life.When I world-class started this class I had no idea of what I was in for and then the first class took me back to when I was a young girl and had no clue active what I wanted or who. I never thought about boys much when I was in school and that made think maybe I was assorted than other girls, because they battled and I didnt, was there mostthing wrong with me or was I good waiting until I met the right person. I today manage that I was just waiting for the right guy and the right date to even think about se x.I have learned in this class that even though I am not compound now that back then it was a normal thing to be confused and wonder if I was different.Back when I was young the fear of being different was about the solitary(prenominal) thing that we ever had to face (besides getting pregnant), I was raised Catholic and being different was and steady is frowned upon, so when I would talk to my mother she would simply dictate me that my body wasnt ready and now after this class I can see that what she said was right, my body and my mind wasnt ready to make that choice and when it was I knew what I wanted. That is still what a lot of the youth today have to face and understand, if their bodies are ready they have to make sure that they understand everything that goes along with being sexu anyy active.The biggest thing that wait oned me understand my sexuality is that I grew up get wording Little House and my parents, and also my grandparents. These things made me realize that I was meant to be with a man and to love only one person for life. I know that before I started date I thought at one time that maybe I was meant to be with a girl not a boy, but then I went to church more often and after rendering the bible (a lot) I was to be with a man if I wanted to be part of my family.Even today if I was to be with a woman not my husband my family would never talk to me again. That is a lot for one person to have to bed with and that is what a lot of people have to deal with on a daily basis. I believe that if you want to be with the same sex then you should do what is going to make you happy, not everyone some you. In history if you laid down with the same sex as you everyone thought that you had something wrong with you and wanted you locked up, to make you change. I never wanted to be a problem for anyone, so I choose to do the right thing and go along with what everyone in my Catholic family told me that I should be like.I dont regret it, but sometimes wonder if I gave in to easily and was too scared to be different. History has not been kind to people who are different and the same goes for people these days, if youre different than them then they want to change you and make you like them. I was always told that I would go to hell if I ever even thought about women the way I was to think about a man, today I tell my daughters that if a women can make them happy and not hurt them then go ahead, I wish that that had been said to me. When I first started to date me only went out with people that I knew my parents wanted me to date, I never thought about being attracted to them or even interested in them. I know that being attracted to soulfulness is one of the most important things when view of going out with them, but sometimes people do it (have sex) without thinking about it or any feeling at all(a). That is what I did for a long time and that took me some time to realize that I was only hurting my egotism and the men didnt ca re why I was doing it.When I first fell in love with my husband we werent even dating, I met him at my sisters and felt my heart beat faster every time he was around, that made me want to change for the better and the more I thought about him the more I wanted to be with only him. I know that love doesnt always happen when you want it to or for whom you want, but it does happen. throng I think need to be patient and kind to others and learn that putting yourself out there (so to speak) is the only way that you depart realize that someone can love you and once you know that and learn to love yourself in spite of everything that has happened in the past, love is a wonderful thing and so is just being attracted to someone. Just knowing that my husband is going to be there no matter what I do or say gives me the sense of self that I cant control.The topic that hit home in truth hard for me during this class was Sexual Abuseof Children. This hits home on two different levels, first I was abused as a child by my uncle and my grandfather. No one believed me and I felt completely alone and scared all the time. I do believe that this was one big factor on me not knowing who I was or what I wanted when I was the dating age (as my mother would say), I wouldnt look or talk to any of the boys and got into fights with the girls, I always tried not to be home when my uncle had to watch us, but it never worked. So I ran away and that was when I started talking to someone who could help me deal with all the feeling that I was having. It took me (what seemed like forever) some time and at times even today I think about it and just want to cry, I still to this day dont have anything to do with that uncle and never have forgiven him and never let him around any of my daughters.The second reason for this topic is that my daughter was raped when she was 15 and that brought up all of the feelings that I had as a young girl. I did everything that I could, I got her counseling and we pressed charges against the man who did it to her. She is doing some what alright,except she only wants to date a lot older men and started being sexually active shortly after that happened to her, she still has night terrors over it, but is getting the help that she needs and is talking more about it which is one of the best ways of dealing with childhood trauma. After taking this class my daughters and I are a lot closer because we talked about my assignments every week and they seem to want to talk to me more about what is going on with them. I never really talked to my mother about what I was feeling and that did more harm than good in my eyes.No days you have to be open and open with young people and then maybe they will want to be open with you. Telling my girls that no matter what is going on with them I will always be there for them is the best thing that I could do for them. If there was one thing that I could change about the way that my thinking was before this class, it would be to be more open minded about things that I wonder about, like how can someone who has been with a man/women all there lifes change and flip it.I mean that I was always confused as to how someone would be gay,bi,and how did they know without a dought in their minds. I never really had any friends that were not straight and this class helped open my eyes as to maybe why someone would be the way that they are without passing a bad thought about it.Im really glad that I had the chance to get to know myself a little bitbetter and understand a few other things that had me wondering.

New Digital Technologies: Creativity and Innovation

New Digital Technologies Creativity and InnovationHow true is the debate that New Digital Technologies has heighten our ability to be to a greater extent creative and innovative?Since the dawn of time, man has continuously been inventing things which will ensure the survival of his kind. His desire to settle and to make life easier has necessitated him be innovative and creative. The necessity to keep warm made him invent new ways to make fire. For making hunting easier, he invented tools made bulge out of stone. Thus mans journey through time to his current state wouldnt hold in been possible without the use of engineering which made up for his weaknesses. New Digital technologies are allowing us spread our wings and explore specific areas which were previously possible.It has been shget that creativeness depends mainly on communication and personal initiative. innovative ideas come about when people from all walks of life come together and share task-related ideas. This gives them the opportunity to share their knowledge and expertise with the rest of the world. Every digital product we have today has passed through the creative process whereby it allows for continuous development in the scientific industry. The creative process is something which takes months and even years to implement. The wide awake phone is a typical innovative example which took a long time to be implemented by the public due to fear of affable acceptance and lack of resources to fund the project. Certain innovative products depend heavily on social acceptance. The mobile phone was accepted because it made peoples life easier and thusly they started making use of it. This in turn facilitated more purpose because it offered faster communication between people. Another example is the interactive whiteboard which was not that successful as people opted to use the normal whiteboard instead of the new high tech boards. This was because teachers deemed it as less complicated and we ll to use. Even though the interactive whiteboard encourages creativity with all of its functions, people did not adopt it due to its complexity.Advancement in technology has led to faster ways of communication however certain digital technologies such(prenominal) as social net creaming and emails are hindering creativity and people are becoming lazier as it is creating a world where there is less verbal expression to face communication and people are adopting more the use of digital technology to communicate with other people. Even though technology is allowing adult male to cut more on idea generation and less about un prerequisite things, we are now facing a problem that is polluting our environments. It is having a bad military force on the younger generation because it is reducing their ability to think since they are depending more and more on technology to do the thinking for them.Creativity and innovation is something every human is born with and it wad only flourish if it is nurtured. Technology in certain peoples hands can increase property of work and idea generation while on the other hand it can also make people lazy and depend heavily on it. In the past an artist wasnt able to make 3-D art and he could neither manipulate images with ease as he could have done with a computer application. In todays modern era an artist is only limited by his imagination because computer applications such Photoshop and Illustrator allow him explore and create amazing things with a lot of detail and accuracy. Costs also play an important factor in innovation and installation because you need money to invest in technology in order to support your research, further your ideas and eventually sell it to the public. Another example is Microsoft word which allows for easy data transfer and in turns speeds up the innovation process as ideas are shared faster. In order to stimulate creativity, more work should be done on personalization in technology as it provides a holistic approach for developing technology in conjunction with the outstanding creativity in action.New Digital Technology has had a great impact on manufacturing organizations because they are continuously seeking to lower their costs by introducing technology to transpose physical labour. At first thought one might think that it is bad, however upon closer inspection one may see that it is allowing humans to work hand in hand with technology itself. Instead of doing physical labour, machines are allowing us to focus on using our brains to become more skilled at innovating and generating ideas. Advanced Manufacturing technology changed the definition of the job as a worker at a factory. Previously employees use to do all the work unavoidable to get the product finished and now all that has changed. Today employees supervise machines and make use of reprogrammable software in order to control them. The implication of this execution of instrument is that the productivity chain p roduces better quality products and allows for faster output levels .Furthermore all the expenses spent that use to be spent on labour and training can now be spent on innovating new ways to further enhance productivity.Innovation plays an important role in the long term and it is necessary for the survival of organizations. A company exists in a dynamic and continuously changing environment. It is essential for a company to keep up with the pace of technology in order to survive in its own business environment. However, a company must also be aware of the needs for changes in its own organizational structure and functioning, in order to adapt itself to such a changing environment. Management of innovation is difficult because individuals adapt to their environment. It was found that innovation is affected a lot by leadership, group working, climate and problem solving style. Therefore it is of utmost importance that we include them in a model that facilitates humans to be more inn ovative. Technology facilitates the process of innovation with the use of prototypes. Prototypes give us a physical model of an idea which can be moved(p) and then be refined into a better product for the consumer. Ideas may be innovative in theory however when they are applied to hearty life situations, they might end up not being as popular as expected. Therefore experiments are made in order to interrogation their theories and see if it can be applied to enhance its current situation. Experiments on large scale projects cost a lot of money and therefore digital technology can be used cut down on costs and provide at the same time provide more particular feedback. These experiments are done through simulation software which predicts all the possible outcomes using mathematical theories.In sum, too much addiction to the latest technological inventions seems to be a detriment to the psychological and physical health of our humans. It should be noted that a variety of technologic al temptations alienate person from person, even tolerant rise to a state of hopelessness and loneliness within us. Indulging in technology may trigger serious crises, such as faculty member plagiarism and moral deterioration. But on the other hand, the application of technology to all fields opens another door for us and allows us to be more creative and innovative.

The Basics of How Computers Work

The Basics of How reckoners WorkA Computer is an electronic doojigger used for making simple and complex calculations, analyses, storing, sorting, process and retrieving of data, plotting graphical designs and sketches as well as many an(prenominal) other tasks that is always on the increase.Computers range from the very small to the very large. Some are confident of doing megs of calculations in a single second, while others may take long periods of time to do even the most simple calculations. But theoretically, anything one information processing organization is capable of doing, another computing device will also be able to do. Given the right instructions, and sufficient memory, a computing device found in a wristwatch should be able to accomplish anything a supercomputer can although it might take thousands of years for the wristwatch to complete the operation.At one time, computers were extremely large, and essential enormous amounts of power. This made them useful o nly for a small amount of tasks computing trajectories for astronomical or military applications, for example, or code breaking. Over time, with scientific advances, the computer was scaled down and its energy requirements lowered immensely. This allowed the power of the computer to be harnessed for a staggering array of uses.As prevalent as personal computers are, they do not nearly begin to scratch the surface of computer use in our world. Interactive devices of all sorts contain their own computers. cellular telephones, GPS units, portable organizers, ATM machines, gas pumps, and millions of other devices all make use of computers to streamline their operations, and to offer features which would be impossible without a computer.List the Four part of a Computer SystemArithmetic and Logic UnitCentral Processing UnitAssemblersCompilersSome however refer hardware components as the briny parts of computer system, in that case, these are (a) Computer (CPU) (b) Monitor (VDU) (c) Key board (d) MouseIdentify four characters of Computer HardwareCPUMonitorKeyboardMouse2. divulge and describe three types of storage devicesHard Disk It is the Main Storage device in the Computer and holds the Operating System as well as other application software installed by the user. It also hold the user files. As such, it is an inevitable part of the computer system.Compact Disk (CD) It is a extractible storage device on which data could be stored for use in the future or to transfer data from one computer to another. It is pregnant for storing software, utilities and hardware drivers.Flash Memory It is a modern substitute to the old floppy disk and is of greater capacity than the floppy disk.List five units of message for computer memory and storageComputers use the following units of storage to store data in memory and storage devices-BitByteKilobyteMegabyteGigabyte3. secern between Hardware and SoftwareHardware refers to the physically visible and tangible gadgets that make up the computer system. It is the parts that the human user touches and interacts with in rig to achieve results. Software on the other hand refers to the set of commands stored in the computers memory and storage devises which propel the hardware to work. Software is the intellect that resides inside the computer system and is represented by the texts, icons and graphics we see on the computers display device (Screen VDU).(a) List four specific types of application software(i) Word mainframe E.g. Microsoft Word(ii) Spreadsheet e.g. Microsoft Excel(iii) Graphic Software e.g. CorelDraw(iv) Media Player e.g. Win-Amp4. What is an input and output devicesAn input devise refers to the hardware components through which the human user of the computer feeds in data or commands into the computer for storage or processing while output devises are the hardware channels through which the computer gives back results to the user.For example, when you type text into MS Word, the keyboa rd is an input device. The user then uses MS Word to process the text entered through the keyboard and the result could be seen on the Monitor, which is an output device or could be printed out on paper through the printer. Here the monitor and printer are output devices.(a) Give examples of each device input devices include mouse, Scanner, digital camera, finger print reader, OCR devices, microphone, and joystick.Output devices include Monitor, Speaker, Printer and plotters.5. What is Internet?The internet is a phenomenal development in the computer world. It refers to a global connectivity of computers across the world that could share information interchangeably across the platform.Technically, the Internet is a system of Publicly accessible computer entanglement connecting many smaller meshings from around the world. It grew out of a U.S. Defense Department program called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), established in 1969 with connections between computer s at the University of California at Los Angeles, Stanford Research Institute, the University of California-Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah. ARPANETs purpose was to conduct research into computer networking in order to provide a secure and survivable communications system in case of war. As the network quickly expanded, academics and researchers in other fields began to use it as well.In 1971 the first of all program for sending e-mail over a distributed network was developed by 1973, the year international connections to ARPANET were made (from Britain and Norway), e-mail represented most of the traffic on ARPANET. The 1970s also saw the development of posting lists, newsgroups and bulletin-board systems, and the TCP/IP communications protocols, which were adopted as standard protocols for ARPANET in 1982 83, leading to the widespread use of the term Internet. In 1984 the domain name addressing system was introduced. In 1986 the National Science Foundation established t he NSFNET, a distributed network of networks capable of handling far greater traffic, and within a year more than 10,000 hosts were connected to the Internet.In 1988 real-time conversation over the network became possible with the development of Internet Relay Chat protocols (see chat). In 1990 ARPANET ceased to exist, leaving behind the NSFNET, and the first commercial dial-up access to the Internet became available. In 1991 the World Wide meshing was released to the overt (via FTP). The Mosaic browser was released in 1993, and its commonplaceity led to the proliferation of World Wide Web sites and users. In 1995 the NSFNET reverted to the role of a research network, leaving Internet traffic to be routed through network providers rather than NSF supercomputers. That year the Web became the most popular part of the Internet, surpassing the FTP protocols in traffic volume. By 1997 there were more than 10 million hosts on the Internet and more than 1 million registered domain name s.Internet access can now be gained via radio signals, cable-television lines, satellites, and fibre-optic connections, though most traffic still uses a part of the public telecommunications (telephone) network. The Internet is widely regarded as a development of vast significance that will affect nearly every aspect of human culture and occupation in ways still only dimly discernible.List five importance of ComputerData StorageSorting and analyses of data to get results quilt of information retrievalAccuracyChannel of CommunicationWrite short note on importance of development technology (IT) towards your field of study (Business Education)Computer can be of immense importance to bloodline education because most of Information technology in real life situation is applied to trade and commerce. Modern economic progress is largely attributable to availability and effective use of IT and as a student of Business, Information Technology is of immense significance.Students exhaust t o be conversant with both the theoretical and practical aspect of their studies. As a student of business education, being conversant with the practical aspect of my studies and this implies that Information technology should be an important aspect of what must be studied and closely related to.On a different perspective, Information technology is important in the actual dissemination of knowledge in the school system. Business education courses could be equally taught through the use of relevant software and network access to useful resources. This will serve the dual role of making the teaching-learning process efficient and effective on one hand and making students of business education learn a good aspect of real life business situations on the other hand.